Kartika, Elis (2006) TANGGAP PERTUMBUHAN, SERAPAN HARA DAN KARAKTER MORFOFISIOLOGI TERHADAP CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN PADA BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT YANG BERSIMBIOSIS DENGAN CMA. S3 thesis, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jambi.
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Abstract
Drought stress is one of the main limiting factors in growth, nutrient uptake and yield of oil palm, particularly those which are planted on Red Yellow Podzolic (RYP) and peat soils. One of the alternatives to overcome this drought stress problem on many plants is through inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF). AMF occurs in each rhizosphere of certain plant in an ecosystem. Each ecosystem contains various kinds of AMF and each kind of AMF possesses different level of effectiveness in oil palm seedlings growing on various types of soil. Also, various kinds of AMF could act synergistically and antagonistically to each other in influencing the growth of oil palm seedlings. Therefore, research on AMF in oil palm rhizosphere, and its role in overcoming drought stress, needs to be conducted. This research comprised three interrelated experiments, namely: (1) Isolation, characterization and purification of AMF from three sites of oil palm plantation (first, RYP of used forest; second, RYP of rubber plantation; and third, peat of used forest soils), (2) Evaluation on the effectiveness of AMF for oil palm seedling using the soils from of the three sites as the growing media, and (3) Study adaptation mechanism of oil palm seedling inoculated with AMF on drought stress on RYP and peat of used forest soils media. The observed soil samples came from rhizosphere of the three oil palm plantation sites. Evaluation on the effectiveness was conducted toward the AMF isolates produced from a single spore culture on those three soil types. Adaptability test of oil palm seedlings consisted of two experiments. Each experiment for each soil type used Factorial Completely Randomized Design with two factors. The first factor was AMF inoculation (M0 = without AMF, and M1 = inoculation of AMF). The second factor was level of drought stress (100 %, 75 %, 50 % and 25 % of available water). Results showed that in each type of soil, there were 2 genus of AMF, namely Glomus and Acaulospora. There were 9 strains of AMF in rhizosphere of oil palms planted on the first soil (5 strains of Acaulospora and 4 strains of Glomus). In the second soil, there were 9 strains of AMF (7 strains of Glomus and 2 strains of Acaulospora). In the third soil, however, 12 strains of AMF were characterized (7 strains of Glomus and 5 strains of Acaulospora). In the rhizosphere of oil palms planted in RYP of used forest soil, AMF was dominated by Acaulospora, whereas those in RYP of used rubber plantation and peat of used forest soils, were dominated by Glomus. During effectiveness test the highest effectiveness on the first soil was mixed inoculums of 3 AMF isolates Glomus sp-3a, Acaulospora sp-3a and Acaulospora sp-5a; on second soil was single inoculums of AMF Glomus sp-3b; whereas third soil was mixed inoculums of 3 AMF isolates Glomus sp-1c, Glomus sp-5c, and Acaulospora sp-5c. Adaptability experiment showed that on both soil types, AMF inoculation improved the adaptability of oil palm seedling on every level of drought stress, as shown by the responses of growth and nutrient uptake. The adaptation of non-inoculated seedling on drought stress was solely by tolerance mechanism, either osmoregulation as shown by higher production level of osmoticum components or cell turgor regulation by leaf ABA accumulation. On the inoculated seedlings, however, there were synergism between those two tolerance mechanism and escape mechanism. Two important escape mechanism were intensifying root system and decreasing transpiration surface of seedlings. Responses of growth and nutrient uptake of oil palm seedlings inoculated with AMF and without AMF on the peat soil media, were higher as compared to those on RYP soil media for each level of drought stress.
| Type: | Thesis (S3) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Kartika |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Sep 2021 02:50 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Sep 2021 02:50 |
| URI: | https://repository.unja.ac.id/id/eprint/25679 |
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