ANALISIS KESULITAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL CERITA MATEMATIKA BERDASARKAN TEORI PEMROSESAN INFORMASI DITINJAU DARI GAYA KOGNITIF

Novalita, Della (2022) ANALISIS KESULITAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL CERITA MATEMATIKA BERDASARKAN TEORI PEMROSESAN INFORMASI DITINJAU DARI GAYA KOGNITIF. S2 thesis, Universitas Jambi.

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Abstract

Kata Kunci : Kesulitan Belajar Matematika; Soal Cerita Matematika; Teori Pemrosesan Informasi; Gaya Kognitif. Setiap siswa memiliki kesulitan mempelajari matematika dan memiliki gaya kognitif yang berbeda-beda. Diantaranya siswa kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita matematika. Masih banyak siswa yang sulit menterjemahkan soal cerita matematika ke dalam bahasa matematika. Pengetahuan yang siswa miliki di simpan dalam long term memory maupun short term memory. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan apa saja kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita matematika berdasarkan teori pemrosesan informasi ditinjau dari gaya kognitif siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pemilihan subjek menggunakan purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan angket gaya kognitif, tes tertulis dan wawancara. Instrument dalam penelitian ini adalah tes GEFT sebagai tes penentuan calon subjek penelitian, tes tertulis berupa soal cerita, dan pedoman wawancara. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas X Nautika 1 Kapal Niaga SMK Taruna Indonesia Jambi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 siswa yang memiliki gaya kognitif field independent (FI) dan 2 siswa yang memiliki gaya kognitif field dependent (FD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa informasi berupa soal cerita yang diterima SFI1 dan SFI2 masuk ke sensory register melalui indra penglihatan. SFI1 dan SFI2 mampu memberi attention (perhatian) terhadap soal sehingga muncul perception (pendapat) tentang konsep/rumus, dengan kata lain SFI1 dan SFI2 tidak mengalami kesulitan memahami konsep dan prinsip, sehingga mampu mengaplikasikannya di short term memory. Pada SFI1 dan SFI2 hanya ditemukan kesulitan dalam keterampilan yaitu kesulitan dalam menyusun kalimat penarikan kesimpulan akhir. Saat di wawancara mereka menjelaskan bahwa sulit menarik kesimpulan dari jawaban yang telah di kerjakan. Untuk SFD1 dan SFD2, informasi berupa soal cerita yang diterima SFD1 dan SFD2 masuk ke sensory register melalui indra penglihatan. Pada soal pertama SFD1 dan SFD2 mampu memberi attention (perhatian) terhadap soal sehingga muncul perception (pendapat) tentang apa yang diketahui dari soal, dengan kata lain SFD1 dan SFD2 tidak sepenuhnya mengalami kesulitan memahami konsep. Namun saat retrieval (pemanggilan kembali) konsep yang dibutuhkan dari long term memory SFD1 dan SFD2 banyak mengalami kesulitan, dengan kata lain SFD1 dan SFD2 mengalami kesulitan dalam menerapkan prinsip dan kesulitan dalam keterampilan, sehingga terdapat SFD yang tidak mampu mengaplikasikan konsep yang dibutuhkan di short term memory. Faktor penyebab kesulitan siswa lebih banyak muncul dari dalam diri siswa, seperti: lupa dan kurang menguasai konsep, sulit mengaplikasikan rumus, keliru dalam pengoperasian, dll. Keywords: Difficulty in Learning Mathematics; Math Story Problems; Information Processing Theory; Cognitive Style. Each student has difficulty learning mathematics and has a different cognitive style. Among them are students who have difficulty in solving math story problems. There are still many students who find it difficult to translate math story problems into mathematical language. The knowledge that students have is stored in long term memory and short term memory. So this study aims to describe the difficulties of students in solving math story problems based on information processing theory in terms of students' cognitive style. This research is a case study research with a qualitative approach. The subject selection technique used purposive sampling. Data collection techniques using cognitive style questionnaires, written tests and interviews. The instruments in this study were the GEFT test as a test for determining prospective research subjects, a written test in the form of story questions, and interview guidelines. This research was conducted in class X Nautika 1 Commercial Ships SMK Taruna Indonesia Jambi. The subjects in this study consisted of 2 students who had a field independent cognitive style (FI) and 2 students who had a field dependent cognitive style (FD). The results showed that information in the form of story questions received by SFI1 and SFI2 entered the sensory register through the sense of sight. SFI1 and SFI2 are able to give attention to the problem so that a perception appears about the concept/formula, in other words SFI1 and SFI2 have no difficulty understanding concepts and principles, so they are able to apply them in short term memory. In SFI1 and SFI2, only difficulty in skills was found, namely difficulty in compiling sentences for final conclusions. During the interview they explained that it was difficult to draw conclusions from the answers that had been done. For SFD1 and SFD2, information in the form of story questions received by SFD1 and SFD2 enters the sensory register through the sense of sight. In the first question, SFD1 and SFD2 are able to give attention to the question so that a perception appears about what is known from the question, in other words, SFD1 and SFD2 do not completely have difficulty understanding the concept. However, during retrieval (recall) the concepts required from long term memory SFD1 and SFD2 experienced many difficulties, in other words SFD1 and SFD2 had difficulties in applying the principles and difficulties in skills, so there were SFD who were unable to apply the concepts needed in short term memory. Most of the factors causing student difficulties arise from within students, such as: forgetting and lack of mastery of concepts, difficulty in applying formulas, mistakes in operations, etc.

Type: Thesis (S2)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Kesulitan Belajar Matematika; Soal Cerita Matematika; Teori Pemrosesan Informasi; Gaya Kognitif.
Subjects: L Education > L Education (General)
Divisions: Pascasarjana > Pendidikan Matematika
Depositing User: Novalita
Date Deposited: 11 Jan 2022 04:29
Last Modified: 11 Jan 2022 04:29
URI: https://repository.unja.ac.id/id/eprint/30076

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