Pengujian Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Tiga Jenis Kayu yang Diberi Perlakuan Pengasapan

Oktarinda, Lola (2022) Pengujian Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Tiga Jenis Kayu yang Diberi Perlakuan Pengasapan. S1 thesis, UNIVERSITAS JAMBI.

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Abstract

Proses pengasapan pada kayu ditujukan untuk memperbaiki sifat fisis dan mekanis kayu dan memberi nilai dekoratif pada kayu. Selain itu, dalam usaha kerajinan kayu pengasapan bertujuan untuk menghindari kerusakan kayu akibat iklim dan cuaca yang dapat merugikan, yang mana dapat memperpendek masa pakai kayu tersebut. Oleh karena itu, perlunya melakukan usaha-usaha yang mampu memperpanjang masa pakai kayu, salah satu caranya yaitu dengan menggunakan metode pengasapan. Pengasapan merupakan salah satu metode pengawetan tradisional yang masih terjangkau oleh masyarakat kelas menengah kebawah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengasapan terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis ketiga jenis kayu, yaitu kayu medang serai, bungur dan suren. Penelitian untuk pengujian sifat fisis dilakukan di Laboratorium Teknologi Hasil Hutan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jambi. Sementara untuk pengujian sifat mekanis kayu dilakukan di Laboratorium Rekayasa dan Desain Bangunan Kayu, Departemen Hasil Hutan, IPB University, Bogor. Metodologi penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 1 faktor yaitu lama pengasapan yang terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu, pengasapan 6 jam (P6), pengasapan 12 jam (12), pengasapan 24 jam (24), serta kontrol (K) tanpa perlakuan pengasapan. Setiap sampel dibuat dalam tiga ulangan. Pembuatan sampel uji untuk sifat fisis dan mekanis mengacu pada Standar ASTM (American Standard Testing and Material) D.143-94. Ukuran sampel uji untuk pengujian kadar air dan berat jenis: 5 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm, Pengujian penyusutan (radial, tangensial, longitudinal): 2,5 cm x 2,5 cm x 10 cm, pengujian pengembangan tebal (radial, tangensial, longitudinal): 2,5 cm x 2,5 cm x 7,5 cm, pengujian modulus of rupture (MOR) dan modulus of elasticity (MOE): 5 cm x 5 cm x 76 cm, pengujian maximum cruishing strength (MCS): 5 cm x 5 cm x 20 cm dan untuk pengujian kekerasan menggunakan standar ASTM (American Standard Testing and Material) D.143-1982: 5 cm x 5 cm x 15 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan lama pegasapan kayu pada uji parameter sifat fisis kayu mampu memberikan pengaruh yang nyata kepada setiap parameter sifat fisis, dimana perlakuan pengasapan terbukti mampu menurunkan nilai kadar air kayu, meningkatkan nilai berat jenis, penyusutan serta pengembangan tebal untuk ketiga jenis kayu. Variasi perlakuan lama pengasapan terbaik untuk pengujian parameter sifat fisis kayu (kadar air, penyusutan & pengembangan tebal) didapatkan lama pengasapan terbaik yaitu pada perlakuan lama pengasapan 6 jam, karena pada pengasapan 6 jam nilainya tidak berbeda nyata dengan lama pengasapan 12 jam dan 24 jam. Lama pengasapan terbaik untuk pengujian berat jenis kayu yaitu pada lama pengasapan 24 jam, dikarenakan dapat meningkatkan nilai berat jenis untuk ketiga jenis kayu. Pada pengujian sifat mekanis kayu dalam uji parameter modulus of elasticity (MOE) pada kayu medang serai (Cinnamomum parthenoxylon) memberikan pengaruh yang nyata untuk nilai MOE kayu medang serai (Cinnamomum parthenoxylon). Kata Kunci : Pengasapan, Sifat Fisis, Sifat Mekanis The process of smoking on wood is intended to improve the physical and mechanical properties of wood and provide decorative value to wood. In addition, in the wood craft business, fumigation aims to avoid wood damage due to climate and weather that can be detrimental, which can shorten the life of the wood. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts that are able to extend the service life of wood, one way is by using the smoking method. Smoking is one of the traditional preservation methods that is still affordable by the lower middle class. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of smoking on the physical and mechanical properties of three types of wood, namely medang lemongrass, bungur and suren wood. Research for testing physical properties was carried out at the Laboratory of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jambi University. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of wood were tested at the Engineering and Design Laboratory of Wood Buildings, Department of Forest Products, IPB University, Bogor. The research methodology used a completely randomized design with 1 factor, namely the length of smoking which consisted of three levels, namely, smoking for 6 hours (P6), smoking for 12 hours (12), smoking for 24 hours (24), and control (K) without smoking treatment. Each sample was made in three replications. Preparation of test samples for physical and mechanical properties refers to the ASTM (American Standard Testing and Material) Standard D.143-94. Test sample size for testing moisture content and specific gravity: 5 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm, shrinkage test (radial, tangential, longitudinal): 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm x 10 cm, thickness expansion test (radial, tangential) , longitudinal): 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm x 7.5 cm, testing the modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE): 5 cm x 5 cm x 76 cm, testing maximum cruishing strength (MCS) : 5 cm x 5 cm x 20 cm and for hardness testing using ASTM (American Standard Testing and Material) standard D.143-1982: 5 cm x 5 cm x 15 cm. The results showed that the long treatment of wood smoking on the physical properties parameter test was able to provide a significant effect on each physical property parameter, where the smoking treatment was proven to be able to reduce the value of wood moisture content, increase the value of specific gravity, shrinkage and thickness expansion for the three types of wood. The variation of the best smoking duration for testing the parameters of the physical properties of wood (moisture content, shrinkage & thickness expansion) obtained the best smoking time, namely the 6-hour smoking treatment, because the 6-hour smoking value was not significantly different from the 12-hour and 24-hour smoking duration. The best smoking time for testing the specific gravity of wood is the 24-hour smoking period, because it can increase the specific gravity values for the three types of wood. In testing the mechanical properties of wood in the modulus of elasticity (MOE) parameter test on medang citronella (Cinnamomum parthenoxylon) wood, it gave a significant effect on the MOE value of medang citronella (Cinnamomum parthenoxylon) wood. Keywords: Fumigation, Physical Properties, Mechanical Properties

Type:	Thesis (S1)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Pengasapan, Sifat Fisis, Sifat Mekanis
Subjects:	L Education > L Education (General)
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Kehutanan
Depositing User:	OKTARINDA
Date Deposited:	15 Aug 2022 03:22
Last Modified:	15 Aug 2022 03:22
URI:	https://repository.unja.ac.id/id/eprint/38469

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