KEMISKINAN RELATIF DAN KETIMPANGAN DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF DEMOKRASI DAN SOSIAL DI INDONESIA

Mustika, Candra (2022) KEMISKINAN RELATIF DAN KETIMPANGAN DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF DEMOKRASI DAN SOSIAL DI INDONESIA. S3 thesis, Doktor ilmu ekonomi.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini memiliki tiga tujuan. Pertama, untuk menghitung dan menganalisis tingkat kemiskinan relatif di seluruh provinsi di Indonesia. Kedua, menganalisis keterkaitan antara kemiskinan relatif dan ketimpangan pendapatan di seluruh provinsi di Indonesia. Ketiga, untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh indeks demokrasi, aspek kebebasan sipil, aspek hak politik, dan aspek lembaga demokrasi, jumlah tindak pidana, akses informasi dari internet, terhadap tingkat kemiskinan relatif dan ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan dari seluruh provinsi di Indonesia terlihat bahwa rata-rata provinsi dengan angka kemiskinan relatif terendah adalah provinsi kepulauan Bangka Belitung, sedangkan provinsi dengan angka kemiskinan relatif tertinggi adalah Gorontalo. Berdasarkan uji kausalitas menunjukkan adanya hubungan searah antara kemiskinan relatif dengan ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan, dimana ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan menyebabkan kemiskinan relatif. Hasil regresi data panel dengan model random effect menunjukkan aspek demokrasi baik secara umum melalui variabel indeks demokrasi. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan secara khusus melalui aspek kebebasan sipil, aspek hak politik berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan relatif. Hanya aspek lembaga demokrasi yang tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Begitu juga dengan variabel jumlah tindak pidana berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kemiskinan relatif. Sedangkan akses informasi berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kemiskinan relatif.Selanjutnya, ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan berdasarkan hasil regresi data panel dengan model random effect menunjukkan aspek demokrasi baik secara umum melalui indeks variabel demokrasi maupun secara khusus melalui aspek kebebasan sipil, aspek hak politik dan aspek lembaga demokrasi keduanya memiliki pengaruh positif dan negatifberdampak signifikan pada ketimpangan distribusi. Pendapatan serta variabel jumlah tindak pidana berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan. Sedangkan akses informasi berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan. Kata kunci : Kemiskinan relatif, ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan, indeks demokrasi, akses informasi, jumlah tindakan pidana ABSTRACT This study has three purposes. First, is to calculate and analyze the relatif poverty level in all provinces in Indonesia. Second, to analyze the interrelationship between relatif poverty and income inequality in all provinces in Indonesia.Third, to determine and analyze the influence of democracy index, aspects of civil liberties, aspects of political rights, and aspects of democratic institutions, the number of criminal acts, access to information from the internet, on the relatif poverty level and income distribution inequality. The result show Of all the provinces in Indonesia, it can be seen that on average, the province with the lowest relatif poverty rate is the province of the islands of Bangka Belitung, while the province with the highest relatif poverty rate is Gorontalo. Based on the causality test, it shows an unidirectional relationship between relatif poverty and inequality in income distribution, where inequality in income distribution causes relatif poverty. The results of panel data regression with random effects model show aspects of democracy both in general through the democracy index variable. Results also shows specifically through aspects of civil liberties, aspects of political rights have a positive and significant effect on relatif poverty, only aspects of democratic institutions have no significant effect.As well as with the variable number of criminal acts has a significant positive effect on relatif poverty. Meanwhile, access to information has a significant negative effect on relatif poverty.Subsequently, income distribution inequality based on panel data regression results with random effects model shows aspects of democracy both in general through the index of democracy variables and specifically through aspects of civil liberties, aspects of political rights and aspects of democratic institutions both have a positive and significant impact on inequality in distribution. Income, as well as the variable number of criminal acts, has a significant positive effect on the inequality of income distribution. Meanwhile, access to information has a significant negative effect on income distribution inequality. Keywords: relatif poverty, income distribution inequality, democracy index, access to information, number of criminal acts

Type:	Thesis (S3)
Subjects:	L Education > L Education (General)
Divisions:	Pascasarjana > Ilmu Ekonomi
Depositing User:	Mustika
Date Deposited:	26 Sep 2022 02:02
Last Modified:	26 Sep 2022 02:02
URI:	https://repository.unja.ac.id/id/eprint/39714

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