Kemantapan Agregat Ultisol dan Hasil Jagung Akibat Pemberian Kombinasi Biokompos Lamtoro dan Biochar Tempurung Kelapa

Damayanti, Meliana (2023) Kemantapan Agregat Ultisol dan Hasil Jagung Akibat Pemberian Kombinasi Biokompos Lamtoro dan Biochar Tempurung Kelapa. S1 thesis, Universitas Jambi.

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Abstract

Ultisol merupakan lahan kering masam yang mempunyai luas mencapai 45.794.000 ha atau sekitar 25% dari luas daratan Indonesia. Pemanfaatan Ultisol untuk pengembangan pertanian dihadapkan pada masalah untuk pencapaian produktivitas pertanian dan perkebunan yang optimal. Ultisol umumnya dicirikan dengan bahan organik tanah rendah, permeabilitas lambat, agregat kurang stabil sehingga total ruang pori rendah. Upaya untuk memperbaiki kemantapan agregat Ultisol adalah dengan pemberian bahan organik. Penambahan bahan organik berupa kompos pada lingkungan tropis manfaatnya berlangsung singkat karena proses oksidasi/mineralisasi bahan organik berlangsung cepat, sehingga dibutuhkan bahan pembenah tanah yang mempunyai jangka panjang dalam meningkatkan dan mempertahankan stabilitas C-organik tanah. Salah satu bahan yang memiliki sifat kemampuan seperti ini adalah biochar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh kombinasi biokompos lamtoro dan biochar tempurung kelapa terhadap kemantapan agregat Ultisol dan hasil jagung dan juga untuk menentukan kombinasi perlakuan yang paling efektif memperbaiki agregat Ultisol dan meningkatkan hasil jagung. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan faktor kombinasi biokompos lamtoro dan biochar tempurung kelapa yang terdiri dari 10 taraf perlakuan yaitu: a0 = Tanpa perlakuan+pupuk anorganik sesuai rekomendasi, a1 =5 ton/ha biokompos+10 ton/ha biochar+pupuk anorganik ½ rekomendasi, a2 =10 ton/ha biokompos+5 ton/ha biochar+pupuk anorganik ½ rekomendasi, a3 =10 ton/ha biokompos+pupuk anorganik ½ rekomendasi, a4 =10 ton/ha biochar+pupuk anorganik ½ rekomendasi, a5 =5 ton/ha biokompos+5 ton/ha biochar+pupuk anorganik ½ rekomendasi, a6 =5 ton/ha biokompos+5 ton/ha biochar+pupuk anorganik sesuai rekomendasi,a7 =10 ton/ha biokompos+pupuk anorganik sesuai rekomendasi, a8 = 10 ton/ha biochar+pupuk anorganik sesuai rekomendasi, a9 =10 ton/ha biokompos+10 ton/ha biochar+pupuk anorganik ½ rekomendasi. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga diperoleh 30 satuan percobaan. Variabel yang diamati adalah persen agregat terbentuk, kemantapan agregat, bahan organik tanah, bobot volume tanah, total ruang pori tanah, tinggi tanaman dan hasil tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian bahwa pemberian kombinasi biokompos dan biochar tempurung kelapa mampu meningkatkan persen agregat terbentuk, kemantapan agregat, bahan organik tanah, total ruang pori dan mampu menurunkan bobot volume tanah serta meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung. Perbaikan sifat fisik tanah paling baik dengan pemberian kombinasi 10 ton/ha biokompos dan 10 ton/ha biochar tempurung kelapa dengan pupuk anorganik ½ rekomendasi. Ultisols are acid dry land which has an area of ​​45,794,000 ha or about 25% of Indonesia's land area. Utilization of Ultisols for agricultural development is faced with problems in achieving optimal agricultural and plantation productivity. Ultisols are generally characterized by low soil organic matter, slow permeability, less stable aggregates resulting in a low total pore space. Efforts to improve the stability of Ultisol aggregates is by adding organic matter. The addition of organic matter in the form of compost in tropical environments has short-lived benefits because the process of oxidation/mineralization of organic matter takes place quickly, so that a long-term soil amendment is needed to increase and maintain the stability of soil C-organic. One material that has this ability is biochar. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the combination of lamtoro biocompost and coconut shell biochar on the stability of Ultisol aggregates and maize yields and also to determine the most effective treatment combination in improving Ultisol aggregates and increasing maize yields. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) with a combination of lamtoro biocompost and coconut shell biochar which consisted of 10 treatment levels, namely: a0 = no treatment + inorganic fertilizer as recommended, a1 = 5 tons/ha biocompost + 10 tons/ha biochar+ inorganic fertilizer ½ recommendation, a2 =10 ton/ha biocompost+5 ton/ha biochar+organic fertilizer ½ recommendation, a3 =10 ton/ha biocompost+inorganic fertilizer ½ recommendation, a4 =10 ton/ha biochar+inorganic fertilizer ½ recommendation, a5 =5 tons/ha of biocompost+5 tons/ha of biochar+½ recommendation of inorganic fertilizer, a6 =5 tons/ha of biocompost+5 tons/ha of biochar+inorganic fertilizer according to recommendation,a7 =10 tons/ha of biocompost+inorganic fertilizer according to recommendation , a8 = 10 tonnes/ha of biochar+organic fertilizer according to recommendations, a9=10 tonnes/ha of biocompost+10 tonnes/ha of biochar+organic fertilizer ½ recommendation. Each treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 30 experimental units. The variables observed were the percentage of aggregate formed, the stability of the aggregate, soil organic matter, soil volume weight, total soil pore space, plant height and plant yield. The results showed that the application of a combination of biocompost and coconut shell biochar was able to increase the percentage of aggregate formed, aggregate stability, soil organic matter, total pore space and was able to reduce soil volume weight and increase growth and yield of corn plants. Improvement of soil physical properties is best done by applying a combination of 10 tonnes/ha of biocompost and 10 tonnes/ha of coconut shell biochar with ½ recommendation of inorganic fertilizer.

Type: Thesis (S1)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Biochar, Biokompos lamtoro, Agregat Tanah, Ultisol, Hasil Jagung.
Subjects: L Education > L Education (General)
Divisions: Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User: Damayanti
Date Deposited: 22 May 2023 03:31
Last Modified: 22 May 2023 03:31
URI: https://repository.unja.ac.id/id/eprint/48898

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