Pengaruh Pemberian Kompos Sludge Limbah Kelapa Sawit Terhadap Sifat Fisik Ultisol Dan Produksi Jagung Manis (Zea Mays Saccharata)

Sitanggang, tomas (2023) Pengaruh Pemberian Kompos Sludge Limbah Kelapa Sawit Terhadap Sifat Fisik Ultisol Dan Produksi Jagung Manis (Zea Mays Saccharata). S1 thesis, Universitas Jambi.

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Abstract

Ultisol merupakan salah satu ordo tanah merupakan lahan kering masam yang ada di Indonesia. Luas lahan Ultisol di Indonesia 41.919.293 ha. Ultisol di Indonesia tersebar di beberapa wilayah seperti; Kalimantan (20.089.134 ha), Sumatera (9.391.529 ha), Sulawesi (4.244.438 ha), Jawa (1.171.751 ha), Bali, NTT dan NTB (25.515 ha). Ultisol terluas di Indonesia terdapat di Kalimantan dan Sumatera (Mulyani et al., 2009). Luas Ultisol di Provinsi Jambi mencapai 2.726.633 hektar atau 53,46 % dari luas daratan di Provinsi Jambi (Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, 2001). Ultisol memiliki ciri-ciri tingginya kandungan fraksi liat pada horizon bawah permukaan dan rendahnya kandungan bahan organik pada tanah Ultisol. Berdasarkan sebaran luas tanah Ultisol di Indonesia khususnya di Provinsi Jambi dengan luas 2.726.633 hektar. Ultisol berpotensi dimanfaatkan dalam bidang pertanian, namun pemanfaatan Ultisol dalam bidang pertanian dihadapkan dengan masalah rendahnya kualitas sifat fisik Ultisol seperti berat volume tanah tinggi, total ruang pori tanah rendah, kemantapan agregat tanah rendah sehingga akan menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman dalam penggunaanya dibidang pertanian dan akan mengakibatkan rendahnya produksi tanaman. Salah satu tanaman yang dapat dibudidayakan pada Ultisol adalah Tanaman jagung. Berdasarkan kendala pemanfaatan Ultisol dalam bidang pertanian yaitu rendahnya kandungan bahan organik dan kualitas sifat fisik pada tanah Ultisol, salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan pemberian bahan organik kedalam tanah berupa kompos sludge limbah kelapa sawit. Sludge limbah kelapa sawit merupakan produk samping dari pabrik kelapa sawit yang telah diproses dalam instalasi pengolahan air limbah melalui kolam anaerobik, kolam aerobik dan kolam fakultatif dan menghasilkan limbah padat atau lumpur. Pemanfaatan sludge limbah kelapa sawit sebagai bahan kompos sangat memadai karena jumlah sludge limbah kelapa sawit sangat banyak masih kurang termanfaatkan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Mendalo Indah, Kecamatan Jambi Luar Kota, Kabupaten Muaro Jambi, Provinsi Jambi pada bulan September 2022 sampai Februari 2023. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan sehingga terdapat 30 petak percobaan dengan ukuran masing-masing 4m×2m. Benih tanaman jagung manis yang digunakan adalah varietas Bonanza. Perlakuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah P0= tanpa perlakuan, P1= 6 ton/ha kompos sludge limbah kelapa sawit, P2= 12 ton/ha kompos sludge limbah kelapa sawit, P3= 18 ton/ha kompos sludge limbah kelapa sawit, P4= 24 ton/ha kompos sludge limbah kelapa sawit dan P5= 30 ton/ha kompos sludge limbah kelapa sawit. Variebel yang diamati dalam penelitian adalah kandungan bahan organik tanah, berat volume tanah, total ruang pori tanah, kemantapan agregat tanah, persentase agregat tanah terbentuk, tinggi tanaman dan produksi tanaman jagung manis. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis ragam pada taraf α=1%, untuk melihat pengaruh rata-rata perlakuan dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan uji Duncan (DMRT). Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa pemberian kompos sludge limbah kelapa sawit kedalam tanah dapat meningkatkan kandungan bahan organik tanah sehingga terjadi peningkatan kualitas sifat fisik tanah yaitu menurunnya berat volume tanah, total ruang pori meningkat, kemantapan dan persentase agregat tanah meningkat mengakibatkan tinggi tanaman dan produksi tanaman jagung manis meningkat Kata kunci: Kompos, Sludge limbah kelapa sawit, bahan organik, sifat fisik tanah Ultisols are one of the soil orders which are acid-dry land in Indonesia. The land area of Ultisols in Indonesia is 41,919,293 ha. The widest ultisols in Indonesia are found in Kalimantan and Sumatra (Mulyani et al., 2009). The area of Ultisols in Jambi Province reaches 2,726,633 hectares or 53.46% of the land area in Jambi Province (Department of Food Crops Agriculture, 2001). Ultisols are characterized by high clay content in the subsurface horizon and low organic matter content in Ultisol soils. Based on the distribution of Ultisol land area in Indonesia, especially in Jambi Province with an area of 2,726,633 hectares. Ultisols have the potential to be utilized in agriculture, but the utilization of Ultisols in agriculture is faced with the problem of low quality of Ultisol physical properties such as high soil volume weight, low total soil pore space, low soil aggregate stability which will inhibit plant growth in its use in agriculture and will result in low crop production. One of the plants that can be cultivated in Ultisol is corn. Based on the constraints on the use of Ultisols in agriculture, namely the low organic matter content and the quality of physical properties in Ultisol soils, one effort that can be made is by adding organic matter to the soil in the form of palm oil waste sludge compost. Palm oil waste sludge is a by-product from a palm oil mill that has been processed in a wastewater treatment plant through anaerobic ponds, aerobic ponds, and facultative ponds and produces solid waste or sludge. Utilization of sludge from palm oil waste as compost material is very adequate because the amount of sludge from palm oil waste is very large and still underutilized. This research was carried out in Mendalo Indah Village, Jambi Luar Kota District, Muaro Jambi Regency, Jambi Province from September 2022 to February 2023. The research was carried out using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 6 treatments and 5 replications so that there were 30 experimental plots with a size of 4m×2m each. The sweet corn seed used is the Bonanza variety. The treatments used in the study were P0 = no treatment, P1 = 6 tons/ha of palm oil waste sludge compost, P2 = 12 tons/ha of palm oil waste sludge compost, P3 = 18 tons/ha of palm oil waste sludge compost, P4 = 24 tons/ha of palm oil waste sludge compost and P5 = 30 tons/ha of palm oil waste sludge compost. The variables observed in the study were soil organic matter content, soil unit weight, total soil pore space, soil aggregate stability, percentage of soil aggregates formed, plant height, and sweet corn plant production. Observational data were analyzed for variance at the level of α=1%, to see the effect of the average treatment followed by using Duncan's test (DMRT). The research results obtained that applying palm oil sludge compost to the soil can increase the organic matter content of the soil increasing the quality of the physical properties of the soil, namely a decrease in soil volume weight, an increase in total pore space, stability and percentage of soil aggregates increase resulting in plant height and corn plant production sweet increases Key word: Compost, Sludge from palm oil waste, organic matter, soil physical properties

Type: Thesis (S1)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Kompos, Sludge limbah kelapa sawit, bahan organik, sifat fisik tanah
Subjects: L Education > L Education (General)
Divisions: Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User: sitanggang
Date Deposited: 05 Sep 2023 04:07
Last Modified: 18 Jul 2024 04:30
URI: https://repository.unja.ac.id/id/eprint/55412

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