Eksplorasi dan Identifikasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) Berdasarkan Umur Tegakan Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn Ex Benth di PT Wirakarya Sakti

Agustin. S, Fadila (2023) Eksplorasi dan Identifikasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) Berdasarkan Umur Tegakan Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn Ex Benth di PT Wirakarya Sakti. S1 thesis, UNIVERSITAS JAMBI.

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Abstract

PT Wirakarya Sakti merupakan salah satu perusahaan terbesar di industri kehutanan yang memiliki luas areal kerja ± 290.378 ha dengan areal kering (dryland) ± 175.192 ha dan areal basah (wetland) ± 115.186 ha. Dalam pengembangan pengusahaan HTI, perusahaan ini melakukan pengembangan terhadap beberapa jenis tanaman pokok, salah satunya Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn Ex Benth di lahan gambut (areal basah). Sebagai jenis lahan marginal tentunya penanaman yang dilakukan pada gambut harus mampu mengatasi berbagai permasalahan seperti pH tanah yang rendah, miskin unsur hara makro dan mikro serta adanya keracunan asam-asam organik dalam tanah. Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula merupakan salah satu jenis fungi yang dapat bersimbiosis dengan akar tanaman yang keberadaannya mampu membantu peningkatan tumbuh dan berkembang tanaman, dan mampu meningkatkan kualitas tanaman terutama yang ditanam pada lahan-lahan marginal. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada areal kerja Distrik I PT Wirakarya Sakti di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan mengidentifikasi perbedaan kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman FMA berdasarkan umur tegakan pada tanaman A. crassicarpa di PT Wirakarya Sakti. Pengambilan sampel tanah penelitian dilakukan dengan cara menentukan titik pusat secara random sampling kemudian 4 titik sampel lainnya akan mengikuti posisi titik pusat tersebut. Jumlah petak pengambilan sampel tanah dengan sistem diagonal ditentukan dengan intensitas sampling pada masing-masing umur tegakan tanaman A. crassicarpa. Pengambilan sampel tanah akan dilakukan pada kedalaman 0-40 cm sebanyak 200 gram pada masing-masing titik, sehingga ketika dikompositkan dari 5 titik maka akan dihasilkan 1000 gram sampel tanah dari satu petak pengambilan sampel tanah. Identifikasi spora FMA dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia dan Kesuburan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jambi dengan teknik tuang saring dan teknik centrifugasi. Sampel tanah akan diambil sebanyak 3 kali ulangan dengan jumlah 50 gram pada setiap ulangannya untuk dilakukan teknik tuang saring terlebih dahulu dan dilanjutkan teknik centrifugasi agar dapat dipindahkan ke cawan petri untuk dilakukan pemindahan spora ke preparat dibawah mikroskop stereo dan dilanjutkan identifikasi spora menggunakan mikroskop binokuler untuk mengetahui karakteristik morfologi spora. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari beberapa umur tegakan A. crassicarpa diperoleh sebanyak 6 genus spora FMA, yaitu genus glomus 18 spesies, genus acaulospora 12 spesies, genus gigaspora 3 spesies, genus scutellospora 2 spesies, genus paraglomus 1 spesies dan genus entrophospora 1 spesies. Kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman spora FMA tersebut memiliki perbedaan untuk masing-masing umur tegakan A. crassicarpa. PT Wirakarya Sakti is one of the largest companies in the forestry industry which has a working area of ± 290,378 ha with a dry area of ± 175,192 ha and a wet area of ± 115,186 ha. In developing HTI business, this company is developing several types of staple plants, one of which is Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn Ex Benth in peatlands (wet areas). As a type of marginal land, planting on peat must be able to overcome various problems such as low soil pH, poor macro and micro nutrients and poisoning by organic acids in the soil. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are a type of fungus that can form a symbiotic relationship with plant roots, the presence of which can help increase plant growth and development, and can improve the quality of plants, especially those planted on marginal land. This research was conducted in the District I work area of PT Wirakarya Sakti in West Tanjung Jabung Regency. This research aims to explore and identify differences in abundance and diversity of AMF based on stand age in A. crassicarpa plants at PT Wirakarya Sakti. Research soil samples were taken by determining the center point using random sampling, then the other 4 sample points would follow the position of the center point. The number of soil sampling plots using a diagonal system was determined by the sampling intensity at each age of the A. crassicarpa plant stand. Soil sampling will be carried out at a depth of 0-40 cm, 200 grams at each point, so that when combined from 5 points, 1000 grams of soil sample will be produced from one soil sampling plot. Identification of AMF spores was carried out at the Chemistry and Soil Fertility Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Jambi University using filter casting and centrifugation techniques. Soil samples will be taken 3 times in repetitions with a total of 50 grams in each repetition to be carried out using a pour filter technique first and then followed by a centrifugation technique so that they can be transferred to a petri dish for transfer of spores to preparations under a stereo microscope and continued with identification of spores using a binocular microscope to determine Morphological characteristics of spores. Based on research results from several ages of A. crassicarpa stands, 6 AMF spore genera were obtained, namely 18 species of the glomus genus, 12 species of the acaulospora genus, 3 species of the gigaspora genus, 2 species of the scutellospora genus, 1 species of the paraglomus genus and 1 species of the entrophospora genus. The abundance and diversity of AMF spores differ for each age of A. crassicarpa stands.

Type: Thesis (S1)
Uncontrolled Keywords: PT Wirakarya Sakti, Acacia crassicarpa dan spora FMA
Subjects: L Education > L Education (General)
Divisions: Fakultas Pertanian > Kehutanan
Depositing User: Agustin.S
Date Deposited: 08 Nov 2023 07:16
Last Modified: 22 Jul 2024 06:35
URI: https://repository.unja.ac.id/id/eprint/57389

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