Uji Sun Protection (SPF) Ekstrak Metanol Buah Palem Merah (Crystotachys renda Blume) Secara In Vivo

Aziza Wahyu, Delma (2025) Uji Sun Protection (SPF) Ekstrak Metanol Buah Palem Merah (Crystotachys renda Blume) Secara In Vivo. S1 thesis, UNIVERSITAS JAMBI.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang. Kulit manusia rentan terhadap kerusakan akibat paparan sinar ultraviolet (UV), termasuk eritema dan edema, yang merupakan respons inflamasi awal akibat radiasi UV-B. Tabir surya dengan bahan alami menjadi solusi inovatif untuk melindungi kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi potensi ekstrak metanol buah palem merah (Crystotachys renda Blume) sebagai agen pelindung kulit dengan mengukur Sun Protection Factor (SPF) secara in vivo. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengamati efek ekstrak terhadap pembentukan edema dan eritema pada kulit mencit putih jantan (Mus musculus). Metode. Ekstrak metanol diperoleh menggunakan metode maserasi. Analisis fitokimia menunjukkan keberadaan senyawa bioaktif, terkandung flavonoid dan fenolik, yang berperan penting dalam aktivitas SPF karena kemampuannya menyerap radiasi UV serta sifat antioksidannya. Uji spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada uji pendahuluan menunjukkan nilai SPF sebesar 30+, yang masuk dalam kategori perlindungan ultra. Selanjutnya, uji in vivo dilakukan menggunakan lima kelompok mencit: kontrol positif (tabir surya komersial SPF 35), kontrol negatif (vaselin), dan tiga kelompok perlakuan dengan ekstrak metanol buah palem merah masing-masing pada konsentrasi 1%, 1,5%, dan 2%. Reaksi kulit berupa eritema dan edema diamati secara makroskopis dalam 3 x 24 jam setelah paparan UV-B dan juga diamati secara mikroskopis dengan prosedur histologi dimana parameter yang diamati adalah pembentukan melanosit dan re-epitalisasi epidermis. Hasil. Ekstrak metanol buah palem merah mampu mencegah pembentukan eritema dan edema secara signifikan dibandingkan kontrol negatif, dengan efektivitas perlindungan pada konsentrasi ekstrak 2%. Ekstrak pada konsentrasi tersebut menunjukkan efek proteksi yang mendekati kontrol positif (tabir surya SPF 35), yang ditandai dengan skor eritema dan edema yang lebih rendah. Selain itu, analisis histologi pada kulit mencit mengungkapkan bahwa ekstrak metanol pada konsentrasi 2% dapat melindungi kerusakan epidermis dan melanosit akibat sinar UV. Kesimpulan. Ekstrak metanol buah palem merah memiliki potensi tinggi sebagai bahan aktif tabir surya alami. Kandungan flavonoid dan fenoliknya berkontribusi dalam memberikan perlindungan terhadap kerusakan kulit akibat radiasi UV melalui mekanisme penyerap UV yang akan membentuk eritema dan edema pada permukaan kulit. Dengan nilai SPF kategori ultra dan efek proteksi yang signifikan, ekstrak ini dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai formula tabir surya berbahan dasar alami. Kata kunci: Sun Protection Factor (SPF), ekstrak metanol, buah palem merah, (Crystotachys renda Blume), eritema, edema. ABSTRACT Background. Human skin is susceptible to damage from ultraviolet (UV) exposure, including erythema and edema, which are the initial inflammatory responses to UV-B radiation. Sunscreen with natural ingredients has become an innovative solution for protecting the skin. This study aims to evaluate the potential of methanol extract from red palm fruit (Crystotachys renda Blume) as a skin protective agent by measuring the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) in vivo. The research was conducted by observing the effects of the extract on the formation of edema and erythema on the skin of male white mice (Mus musculus). Method. Methanol extract was obtained using the maceration method. Phytochemical analysis shows the presence of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and phenolics, which play an important role in SPF activity due to their ability to absorb UV radiation and their antioxidant properties. The UV-Vis spectrophotometry test in the preliminary test showed an SPF value of 30+, which falls into the ultra protection category. Next, in vivo tests were conducted using five groups of mice: a positive control (commercial sunscreen SPF 35), a negative control (vaseline), and three treatment groups with methanol extract of red palm fruit at concentrations of 1%, 1.5%, and 2%. Skin reactions in the form of erythema and edema were observed macroscopically within 3 x 24 hours after UV-B exposure and also microscopically using histological procedures, where the observed parameters were melanocyte formation and epidermal re-epithelialization. Results. The methanol extract of red palm fruit was able to significantly prevent the formation of erythema and edema compared to the negative control, with protective efficacy at a 2% extract concentration. The extract at that concentration showed protective effects close to the positive control (sunscreen SPF 35), characterized by lower erythema and edema scores. Furthermore, histological analysis of mouse skin revealed that a 2% methanol extract concentration can protect against epidermal and melanocyte damage caused by UV rays. Conclusion. The methanol extract of red palm fruit has high potential as an active ingredient in natural sunscreen. The flavonoid and phenolic content contributes to providing protection against skin damage caused by UV radiation through a UV-absorbing mechanism that will form erythema and edema on the skin surface. With an ultra-category SPF value and significant protective effects, this extract can be further developed as a natural-based sunscreen formula. Keywords: Sun Protection Factor (SPF), methanol extract, red palm fruit, (Crystotachys renda Blume), erythema, edema..

Type: Thesis (S1)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Kata kunci: Sun Protection Factor (SPF), ekstrak metanol, buah palem merah, (Crystotachys renda Blume), eritema, edema.
Subjects: L Education > L Education (General)
Divisions: Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan > Farmasi
Depositing User: Wahyu
Date Deposited: 19 Mar 2025 07:07
Last Modified: 19 Mar 2025 07:07
URI: https://repository.unja.ac.id/id/eprint/76481

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