KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES DAN KELIMPAHAN ARTHROPODA DIPERTANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccharata S.) MONOKULTUR DAN TUMPANG SARI DENGAN TANAMAN KUNYIT (Curcuma longa L.)

Mustafida, Elly Matul (2025) KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES DAN KELIMPAHAN ARTHROPODA DIPERTANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccharata S.) MONOKULTUR DAN TUMPANG SARI DENGAN TANAMAN KUNYIT (Curcuma longa L.). S1 thesis, Universitas Jambi.

	Text SKRIPSI FULL_ELLY MATUL MUSTAFIDA.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (4MB)
	Text COVER.pdf Download (134kB)
	Text HALAMAN PENGESAHAN.pdf Download (293kB)
	Text ABSRAK.pdf Download (183kB)
	Text BAB 1.pdf Download (215kB)
	Text BAB 5.pdf Download (155kB)
	Text DAFTAR PUSTAKA.pdf Download (270kB)

Abstract

Keanekaragaman arthropoda berperan penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan dan produktivitas agroekosistem. Arthropoda mencakup organisme dengan berbagai fungsi ekologis, seperti herbivora, predator, parasitoid, polinator, dan dekomposer. Pada sistem pertanian multikultur seperti tumpang sari, keberadaan berbagai jenis tanaman berperan dalam menyediakan habitat dan sumber daya yang lebih beragam. Keanekaragaman vegetasi ini secara signifikan mendukung peningkatan biodiversitas, khususnya dalam hal keberagaman dan kelimpahan arthropoda yang bersifat menguntungkan bagi agroekosistem. Sistem budidaya dengan tingkat keanekaragaman rendah, seperti monokultur intensif, diketahui berkontribusi terhadap ketidakseimbangan populasi organisme dalam agroekosistem. Ketidak hadiran musuh alami dalam sistem ini sering kali memicu ledakan populasi hama tertentu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jambi dan dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan identifikasi di Labolatorium Entomologi Balai Karantina Hewan, Ikan, dan Tumbuhan Jambi dan di Labolatorium Hama Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jambi, Desa Mendalo Indah, Kecamatan Jambi Luar Kota, Kabupaten Muaro Jambi, Provinsi Jambi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2024 sampai bulan Februari 2025 dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan tingkat keanekaragaman spesies pada agroekosistem tanaman jagung monokultur dan tumpang sari dengan tanaman jagung dan kunyit. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan membandingkan dua perlakuan yaitu budidaya jagung dengan pola tanam monokultur dan budidaya jagung dengan pola tanam tumpang sari. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap kekayaan jenis dan kelimpahan arthropoda pada setiap perlakuan. Metode pengambilan spesimen arthropoda dilakukan dengan beberapa metode yaitu: pengamatan secara langsung, perangkap jebakan (pitfall trap), perangkap nampan kuning (yellow pan trap) dan perangkap jaring (sweepne trap). Kegiatan pengambilan spesimen arthropoda dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali, yaitu pada fase vegetatif (3 mst dan 6 mst) dan fase generatif (8 mst). Pengelompokkan arthropoda dilakukan dari tingkatan Kelas, Bangsa, Keluarga, Marga, dan Jenis yang kemudian akan digolongkan berdasarkan peran ekologisnya di agroekosistem (Herbivor, Predator, Polinator, Parasitoid, dan Detritivor). Kemudian dari data yang telah didapatkan akan ditabulasi menggunakan mikrosoft excel dengan menggunakan beberapa indeks yakni; indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener (H’), indeks kemerataan (SEI), dan indeks kemiripan (S). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa agroekosistem tumpang sari jagung-kunyit memiliki keanekaragaman arthropoda yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan monokultur jagung. Peningkatan jumlah takson ini menunjukkan bahwa diversifikasi tanaman lewat tumpang sari dapat menghasilkan habitat yang lebih variatif. Vegetasi yang lebih beragam pada sistem tanam tumpang sari membantu menarik lebih banyak jenis arthropoda karena tersedia lebih banyak makanan, tempat tinggal, dan tempat berkembang biak. Keanekaragaman hayati arthropoda meningkatkan ketahanan pertanian terhadap gangguan biotik seperti hama, serta memperkuat fungsi ekologis seperti penyerbukan, predasi, dan dekomposisi secara lebih resilien dan berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa agroekosistem tumpang sari memiliki keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan arthropoda yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sistem monokultur. Sebanyak 49 spesies arthropoda ditemukan pada sistem tumpang sari, dibandingkan dengan 38 spesies pada sistem monokultur. Tumpang sari juga menunjukkan komposisi komunitas arthropoda yang lebih merata dan mendukung kehadiran lebih banyak spesies musuh alami seperti predator dan parasitoid, serta kelompok polinator dan dekomposer yang penting bagi keberlanjutan ekosistem. Analisis kemiripan komunitas menunjukkan nilai similarity sebesar 70,3%, yang menandakan adanya perbedaan struktur komunitas yang cukup signifikan antara kedua sistem. Penelitian ini mengonfirmasi bahwa diversifikasi tanaman melalui sistem tumpang sari dapat memperkuat fungsi ekologis arthropoda, menekan populasi hama, dan mendukung prinsip Pengelolaan Hama Terpadu (PHT) yang ramah lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, tumpang sari jagung-kunyit dapat direkomendasikan sebagai model pertanian berkelanjutan yang mampu meningkatkan produktivitas sekaligus menjaga stabilitas ekosistem. ABSTRACT Arthropod diversity plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance and productivity of agroecosystems. Arthropods encompass organisms with diverse ecological functions, such as herbivores, predators, parasitoids, pollinators, and decomposers. In multicultural agricultural systems such as intercropping, the presence of diverse plant species provides a diverse range of habitats and resources. This vegetation diversity significantly supports increased biodiversity, particularly in terms of the diversity and abundance of arthropods beneficial to the agroecosystem. Cultivation systems with low levels of diversity, such as intensive monocultures, are known to contribute to imbalances in agroecosystem populations. The absence of natural enemies in these systems often triggers population explosions of certain pests. This research was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jambi, and continued with identification activities at the Entomology Laboratory of the Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine Agency of Jambi, and at the Plant Pest Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jambi, in Mendalo Indah Village, Jambi Luar Kota District, Muaro Jambi Regency, Jambi Province. This research was conducted from December 2024 to February 2025 with the aim of analyzing and comparing the levels of species diversity in monoculture and intercropping agroecosystems of corn and turmeric. This research was conducted by comparing two treatments, namely corn cultivation with a monoculture planting pattern and corn cultivation with an intercropping planting pattern. Observations were made on the species richness and abundance of arthropods in each treatment. The method of collecting arthropod specimens was carried out using several methods, namely: direct observation, pitfall traps, yellow pan traps, and sweepnet traps. Arthropod specimen collection activities were carried out three times, namely in the vegetative phase (3 weeks after planting and 6 weeks after planting) and the generative phase (8 weeks after planting). Arthropods were grouped according to the levels of Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species which were then classified based on their ecological role in the agroecosystem (Herbivores, Predators, Pollinators, Parasitoids, and Detritivores). Then, the data that has been obtained will be tabulated using Microsoft Excel using several indices, namely; the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H '), the evenness index (SEI), and the similarity index (S). The research results show that the corn-turmeric intercropping agroecosystem has higher arthropod diversity than the corn monoculture system. This increase in taxon numbers indicates that crop diversification through intercropping can create a more varied habitat. The more diverse vegetation in intercropping systems helps attract more arthropod species because it provides more food, shelter, and breeding grounds. Arthropod biodiversity increases agricultural resilience to biotic disturbances such as pests and strengthens ecological functions such as pollination, predation, and decomposition in a more resilient and sustainable manner. The research results show that the intercropping agroecosystem has higher arthropod diversity and abundance than the monoculture system. A total of 49 arthropod species were found in the intercropping system, compared to 38 species in the monoculture system. Intercropping also exhibits a more even arthropod community composition and supports a greater presence of natural enemy species such as predators and parasitoids, as well as pollinator and decomposer groups that are important for ecosystem sustainability. Community similarity analysis showed a similarity value of 70.3%, which indicates a significant difference in community structure between the two systems. This research confirms that crop diversification through intercropping can strengthen the ecological function of arthropods, suppress pest populations, and support environmentally friendly Integrated Pest Management (IPM) principles. Therefore, corn-turmeric intercropping can be recommended as a sustainable agricultural model that can increase productivity while maintaining ecosystem stability.

Type:	Thesis (S1)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keanekaragaman, Arthropoda, Spesies
Subjects:	S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General)
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User:	Mustafida
Date Deposited:	15 Jul 2025 04:33
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2025 05:10
URI:	https://repository.unja.ac.id/id/eprint/84363

Actions (login required)

View Item