Sizka, Delvia (2025) Impregnasi Hidrotermal Logam Nikel Ke Dalam Karbon Aktif Dari Serat Sawit Dan Pemanfaatannya Sebagai Katalis Perengkahan Minyak Jelantah Menjadi Biofuel. S1 thesis, Universitas Jambi.
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Abstract
ABSTRAK – Kebutuhan energi yang terus meningkat di Indonesia mendorong pengembangan energi alternatif seperti biofuel. Minyak jelantah merupakan limbah rumah tangga dan industri yang melimpah, berpotensi diolah menjadi biofuel ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan serat sawit sebagai karbon aktif yang di adsorpsi logam nikel (Ni) melalui proses impregnasi hidrotermal, serta mengkaji efektivitas katalis tersebut dalam proses perengkahan minyak jelantah menjadi biofuel. Karbon aktif dari serat sawit diperoleh melalui karbonisasi pada suhu 300°C selama 1 jam, kemudian diaktivasi menggunakan NaOH dan CH₃COOH. Impregnasi logam Ni dilakukan secara hidrotermal selama 24 jam pada suhu 150°C dengan variasi konsentrasi Ni 0,5%, 1%, dan 1,5%, kemudian dicetak dalam bentuk pelet berukuran 10×12 mm dan dikalsinasi menggunakan gas nitrogen dan hidrogen. Proses perengkahan dilakukan pada suhu 450°C dengan rasio katalis:reaktan (1:30). Hasil uji FTIR menunjukkan keberadaan gugus fungsional seperti O–H, C=O, dan C–O yang mendukung adsorpsi logam. Hasil uji XRF menunjukkan peningkatan kadar Ni dalam karbon aktif berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan konsentrasi Ni yang ditambahkan. Konsentrasi Ni 1,5% menghasilkan yield produk 51,19% dan densitas 0,91 gr/ml yang tergolong ke dalam diesel oil. Konsentrasi Ni 1% menghasilkan yield 37,14% dan densitas 0,97 gr/ml yang tergolong ke dalam fuel oil. Sedangkan konsentrasi Ni 0,5% menghasilkan yield 36,85%, densitas 1,02 gr/ml namun belum memenuhi standar bahan bakar komersial. Namun secara keseluruhan, hidrokarbon panjang pada minyak jelantah dengan densitas 1,1 gr/ml telah terurai menjadi lebih sederhana dan menghasilkan lebih banyak rantai karbon.. Kata kunci : Biofuel, Karbon Aktif, Minyak Jelantah, Serat Sawit ABSTRACT- The increasing energy demand in Indonesia drives the development of alternative energy sources such as biofuel. Waste cooking oil, a common household and industrial waste, has great potential to be converted into environmentally friendly biofuel. This study aims to utilize palm fiber as activated carbon adsorbed with nickel (Ni) metal through a hydrothermal impregnation process and to evaluate the effectiveness of the catalyst in the cracking process of waste cooking oil into biofuel. Activated carbon from palm fiber was produced through carbonization at 300°C for 1 hour, followed by activation using NaOH and CH₃COOH. Nickel impregnation was carried out hydrothermally for 24 hours at 150°C with Ni concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. The catalysts were then pelletized into 10×12 mm sizes and calcined under nitrogen and hydrogen gases. The cracking process was conducted at 450°C with a catalyst-to-reactant ratio of 1:30. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups such as O–H, C=O, and C–O that support metal adsorption. XRF analysis showed that the Ni content in the activated carbon increased proportionally with the added Ni concentration. The 1.5% Ni concentration yielded 51.19% of product with a density of 0.91 g/ml, classified as diesel oil. The 1% Ni concentration yielded 37.14% with a density of 0.97 g/ml, classified as fuel oil. Meanwhile, the 0.5% Ni concentration yielded 36.85% with a density of 1.02 g/ml, which did not meet commercial fuel standards. Overall, the long-chain hydrocarbons in waste cooking oil with an initial density of 1.1 g/ml were successfully broken down into simpler compounds with shorter carbon chains. Keywords : Biofuel, Activated Carbon, Waste Cooking Oil, Palm Fiber.
| Type: | Thesis (S1) |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Biofuel, Karbon Aktif, Minyak Jelantah, Serat Sawit |
| Subjects: | L Education > L Education (General) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknik Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Delvia Sizka |
| Date Deposited: | 16 Jul 2025 07:36 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Jul 2025 08:30 |
| URI: | https://repository.unja.ac.id/id/eprint/84509 |
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