Seleksi Individu Pada Populasi Kacang Bambara (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) Biji Krem dan Biji Hitam Asal Medan

Pasaribu, Oktafia (2025) Seleksi Individu Pada Populasi Kacang Bambara (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) Biji Krem dan Biji Hitam Asal Medan. S1 thesis, UNIVERSITAS JAMBI.

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Abstract

Kacang bambara merupakan tanaman legum bergizi tinggi dan adaptif di lahan marginal, namun produksi di Indonesia masih rendah yang disebabkan oleh ketersediaan benih yang tidak seragam dari varietas lokal. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas adalah perbaikan secara genetik melalui pemuliaan tanaman yaitu kegiatan seleksi. Seleksi akan berhasil jika terdapat keragaman genetik yang luas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyeleksi individu superior dari populasi kacang bambara berbiji krem dan hitam asal Medan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Teaching and Research Farm, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jambi, dari September 2024 hingga Maret 2025 tanpa rancangan lingkungan, melalui dua tahap seleksi berdasarkan diameter tajuk (tahap I) dan jumlah polong per tanaman (tahap II). Setiap warna biji terdiri atas 100 tanaman, sehingga terdapat 200 satuan pengamatan. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan koefisien keragaman, batas atas seleksi, diferensial seleksi, uji normalitas, dan korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik pada kedua populasi berkisar dari sangat sempit hingga sangat luas. Seleksi berdasarkan batas atas meningkatkan rata-rata populasi terseleksi, dengan diferensial seleksi tertinggi pada karakter hasil, yaitu jumlah polong bernas, jumlah polong per tanaman, bobot polong segar, dan bobot polong kering. Korelasi positif yang kuat antara diameter tajuk dan karakter hasil menunjukkan bahwa diameter tajuk dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi tidak langsung untuk pendugaan potensi hasil. Kata Kunci: Kacang bambara, warna biji, seleksi, keragaman genetik, korelasi Bambara groundnut is a highly nutritious legume species that is well adapted to marginal lands. However, its production in Indonesia remains low due to the use of non-uniform seeds from local varieties. Efforts to improve productivity can be achieved through genetic improvement via plant breeding, particularly through selection, which is effective when wide genetic variation exists. This study aimed to select superior individuals from Bambara groundnut populations with cream and black seed coats originating from Medan. The research was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Jambi University, from September 2024 to March 2025, using a non-environmental design and two selection stages, stage I based on canopy diameter and stage II based on the number of pods per plant. Each seed color population consisted of 100 plants, resulting in a total of 200 observation units. Data were analyzed using the coefficient of variation, upper selection limit, selection differential, normality test, and Pearson correlation analysis. The results showed that the genetic variability among both seed color populations ranged from very narrow to very wide. Selection based on the upper limit increased the mean value of the selected population, with the highest selection differential found in yield-related traits, including the number of filled pods, number of pods per plant, fresh pod weight, and dry pod weight. A strong positive correlation between canopy diameter and yield-related traits indicates that canopy diameter can serve as an indirect selection criterion for yield potential estimation. Keywords: Bambara groundnut, seed color, selection, genetic variability, correlation

Type:	Thesis (S1)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Kacang bambara, warna biji, seleksi, keragaman genetik, korelasi
Subjects:	L Education > L Education (General)
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User:	Pasaribu
Date Deposited:	14 Oct 2025 07:29
Last Modified:	14 Oct 2025 07:30
URI:	https://repository.unja.ac.id/id/eprint/86632

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