IDENTIFIKASI KERAGAMAN MORFOLOGI JENGKOL (Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I.C. Nielsen)

Fatmawati, Niva and Irawan, Bambang and Tamin, Rike Puspitasari (2022) IDENTIFIKASI KERAGAMAN MORFOLOGI JENGKOL (Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I.C. Nielsen). S1 thesis, Universitas Jambi.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Jengkol termasuk dalam suku Fabaceae (polong-polongan) yang dapat tumbuh dengan baik di daerah dengan curah hujan sedang, buahnya berupa polong berbentuk gepeng berbelit membentuk spiral dan mempunyai warna coklat kehitaman. Jengkol apabila sudah menjadi pohon berbuahnya secara musiman antara bulan November hingga Januari (Pitojo, 1992). Identifikasi jengkol di provinsi jambi belum pernah dilakukan, maka akan dilakukan penelitian tentang “Identifikasi Keragaman Morfologi Jengkol (Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I.C. Nielsen)”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi morfologi jengkol, mempelajari keragaman morfologi jengkol, dan mengamati karakter morfologi utama yang membedakan antar varietas jengkol. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli-September 2020 yang bertempat di Kecamatan Tanah Sepenggal Lintas, Kecamatan Tanah Sepenggal, Kecamatan Batin III Ulu, dan Kecamatan Rantau Pandan, Kabupaten Bungo, Provinsi Jambi. Alat yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Global Positioning System (GPS), phiband, meteran, clinometer, penggaris, timbangan digital, kamera digital, pH portabel, jangka sorong, dan alat tulis sedangkan bahan yang digunakan adalah pohon induk tanaman jengkol yang sedang berbuah. Lokasi penelitian dilaksanakan secara sengaja (purposive method) di Kecamatan Tanah Sepenggal Lintas, Kecamatan Tanah Sepenggal, Kecamatan Batin III Ulu, dan Kecamatan Rantau Pandan, Kabupaten Bungo Variabel pengamatan yang diamati yaitu karakter batang, daun, dan buah. karakter batang yang diamati yaitu bentuk tajuk/kanopi, tipe percabangan, permukaan batang, dan warna kulit batang. karakter daun yang diamati yaitu panjang anak daun, lebar anak daun, rasio panjang dan lebar anak daun, pangkal anak daun, dan ujung anak daun. Karakter buah yang diamati yaitu jumlah buah pertandan, berat biji,ketebalan kulit buah, ketebalan biji, lebar biji, rasio lebar dan ketebalan biji, warna biji, warna kulit ari biji. Analisis data menggunakan program NTSYS (Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate System) dengan metode UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Aritmetic Average) cluster analisys sehingga akan menggambarkan dendogram keragaman jengkol (Yunanto 2012). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 3 varietas jengkol yaitu jengkol biasa, jengkol padi, dan jengkol pinggan. Keragaman morfologi yang ditemukan pada karakteristik penting tanaman jengkol yaitu menunjukkan keragaman fenotipik luas. Karakter morfologi utama yang membedakan ketiga jenis jengkol yaitu karakter daun dan buah. Karakter daun yang dapat membedakan ketiga jenis jengkol yaitu panjang anak daun, lebar anak daun, dan rasio panjang dan lebar anak daun. Karakter buah yang dapat membedakan ketiga jenis jengkol yaitu ketebalan biji, lebar biji, rasio lebar dan ketebalan biji dan berat biji. Kata Kunci: Jengkol, Identifikasi, Keragaman, Morfologi ABSTRACT Jengkol belongs to the Fabaceae (legumes) tribe that can grow well in areas with moderate rainfall, the fruit is in the form of flattened pods convoluted in a spiral and has a blackish brown color. Jengkol when it has become a fruiting tree seasonally between November and January (Pitojo, 1992). The identification of jengkol in Jambi province has never been carried out, so research will be carried out on "Identification of Morphological Diversity of Jengkol (Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I.C. Nielsen)". This study aims to identify the morphology of jengkol, study the morphological diversity of jengkol, and observe the main morphological characters that distinguish between jengkol varieties. This research was conducted in July-September 2020 which took place in Tanah Sepenggal Lintas Subdistrict, Tanah Sepenggal District, Batin III Ulu District, and Rantau Pandan District, Bungo Regency, Jambi Province. The tools to be used in this study are the Global Positioning System (GPS), phiband, meter, clinometer, ruler, digital scale, digital camera, portable pH, caliper, and stationery. . The location of the research was carried out intentionally (purposive method) in Tanah Sepenggal Lintas Subdistrict, Tanah Sepenggal District, Batin III Ulu District, and Rantau Pandan District, Bungo Regency. The observed variables were stem, leaf, and fruit characters. The stem characters observed were the shape of the canopy, the type of branching, the surface of the stem, and the color of the bark. Leaf characters observed were leaf length, leaf width, ratio of leaf length and width, leaf base, and tip of the leaflets. The fruit characters observed were the number of fruit bunches, seed weight, fruit skin thickness, seed thickness, seed width, seed width and thickness ratio, seed color, seed coat color. Data analysis using the NTSYS (Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate System) program with the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method) method. The results of this study indicate that there are 3 varieties of jengkol, namely ordinary jengkol, rice jengkol, and dish jengkol. The morphological diversity found in the important characteristics of the jengkol plant shows wide phenotypic diversity. The main morphological characters that distinguish the three types of jengkol are leaf and fruit characters. Leaf characters that can distinguish the three types of jengkol are the length of the leaflets, the width of the leaflets, and the ratio of the length and width of the leaflets. Fruit characters that can distinguish the three types of jengkol are seed thickness, seed width, ratio of width and thickness of seeds and seed weight. Keywords: Jengkol, Identification, Diversity, Morphology.

Type: Thesis (S1)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Jengkol, Identifikasi, Keragaman, Morfologi
Subjects: A General Works > AC Collections. Series. Collected works
Universitas Jambi (UNJA) > Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan > A General Works > AC Collections. Series. Collected works
Divisions: Fakultas Pertanian > Kehutanan
Depositing User: FATMAWATI
Date Deposited: 02 Jun 2022 07:27
Last Modified: 02 Jun 2022 07:27
URI: https://repository.unja.ac.id/id/eprint/34077

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