PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KOMPOS LAMTORO, BIOCHAR TEMPURUNG KELAPA DAN PUPUK ANORGANIK TERHADAP pH, C-ORGANIK DAN N-TOTAL ULTISOL SERTA HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea Mays L.)

Purba, Leonardo S. (2024) PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KOMPOS LAMTORO, BIOCHAR TEMPURUNG KELAPA DAN PUPUK ANORGANIK TERHADAP pH, C-ORGANIK DAN N-TOTAL ULTISOL SERTA HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea Mays L.). S1 thesis, Agroekoteknologi.

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Abstract

Ultisol merupakan lahan kering masam yang berpotensi untuk pengembangan pertanian. Ultisol memiliki kendala berupa pH rendah, kapasitas tukar kation rendah, kejenuhan basa rendah, kandungan hara seperti N, P, K, Ca, dan Mg rendah dan tidak tersedia serta tingkat Al-dd yang tinggi, mengakibatkan tidak tersedianya unsur hara yang cukup bagi pertumbuhan tanaman. Untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanah Ultisol dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan ketersediaan unsur hara dan sifat kimia tanah dengan cara pemupukan, pemupukan dapat dilakukan dengan pupuk organik dan anorganik. Akan tetapi di sisi lain pupuk anorganik memiliki kelemahan, yaitu harganya mahal, tidak dapat menyelesaikan masalah kerusakan fisik dan biologi tanah, serta pemupukan yang tidak tepat dan berlebihan menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan sehingga pemberian pupuk pemberian sumber hara yang ramah lingkungan seperti pemberian kompos dan biochar dapat dilakukan. Kompos merupakan pupuk organik yang berasal dari hasil pelapukan bahan- bahan tanaman atau limbah organik seperti jerami, sekam, dedaunan, limbahorganik pabrik, secara biologi yang terkontrol (sengaja dibuat dan diatur) menjadi bagian yang terhumuskan. Pemberian kompos dapat meningkatkan kandungan hara di dalam tanah salah satunya dapat meningkatkan pH, C-organik dan N-total tanah. Biochar merupakan arang hayati yang berasal dari bahan-bahan organik sisa-sisa hasil pertanian dan dihasilkan melalui proses pembakaran tidak sempurna (pirolisis). Biochar lebih efektif menahan unsur hara. untuk ketersediaannya bagi tanaman dibandingkan bahan organik lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari pengaruh pemberian kompos lamtoro, biochar tempurung kelapa dan pupuk anorganik terhadap pH, C-organik dan N-total Ultisol dan hasil tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.). Penelitian berupa percobaan (eksperimen) dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 10 perlakuan dan 3 kelompok, sehingga terdapat 30 petak percobaan. Ukuran petak percobaan 3 × 4 m dengan jarak tanam 75 × 40 cm. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Tangkit, Kecamatan Sungai Gelam, Kabupaten Muaro Jambi, Provinsi Jambi. Analisis sampel tanah dan biochar akan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kesuburan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jambi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 6 bulan, mulai dari bulan Agustus 2022 sampai dengan bulan Januari 2023. Parameter yang diamati adalah pH, C-Organik, N-Total, serta pertumbuhan dan hasil Jagung. Data yang diambil kemudian dianalisis dengan sidik ragam dan Uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kompos lamtoro 5 ton/ha biochar 10 ton/ha dan pupuk anorganik 1/2 R meningkatkan pH sebesar 1,18, C-Organik 1,11 % dibandingkan kontrol dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan serta hasil tanaman jagung dan mampu mengurangi penggunaan pupuk anorganik 50%. Kata kunci : Ultisol, Kompos Lamtoro, Biochar, pH, C-Organik, N-Total, Hasil Jagung. Ultisol is an acidic dry land that has potential for agricultural development. Ultisol has constraints in the form of low pH, low cation exchange capacity, low base saturation, nutrient content such as N, P, K, Ca, and Mg that is low and not available and high levels of Al-dd, resulting in the unavailability of sufficient nutrients for growth. plant. To increase the productivity of Ultisol soil, it can be done by increasing the availability of nutrients and the chemical properties of the soil by fertilizing, fertilizing can be done with organic and inorganic fertilizers. However, on the other hand, inorganic fertilizers have weaknesses, namely that they are expensive, cannot solve the problem of physical and biological damage to the soil, and inappropriate and excessive fertilization causes environmental pollution so that fertilizers that provide environmentally friendly nutrient sources such as compost and biochar can be applied. Compost is an organic fertilizer that comes from the weathering of plant materials or organic waste such as straw, husks, leaves, factory organic waste, which is biologically controlled (intentionally created and arranged) into the humusized part. Providing compost can increase the nutrient content in the soil, one of which can increase the pH, organic C and total N of the soil. Biochar is biological charcoal that comes from organic materials left over from agricultural products and is produced through an incomplete combustion process (pyrolysis). Biochar is more effective at retaining nutrients. for its availability to plants compared to other organic materials. This research aims to determine and study the effect of providing lamtoro compost, coconut shell biochar and inorganic fertilizer on pH, C-organic and N-total Ultisol and corn (Zea mays L.) yields. The research took the form of an experiment using a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 10 treatments and 3 groups, so there were 30 experimental plots. The size of the experimental plot was 3 × 4 m with a planting distance of 75 × 40 cm. The research was carried out in Tangkit Village, Sungai Gelam District, Muaro Jambi Regency, Jambi Province. Soil and biochar sample analysis will be carried out at the Soil Fertility Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Jambi University. This research was carried out for 6 months, starting from August 2022 to January 2023. The parameters observed were pH, C-Organic, N-Total, as well as corn growth and yield. The data taken was then analyzed using variance and the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the application of 5 tons/ha of lamtoro compost, 10 tons/ha of biochar and 1/2 R inorganic fertilizer increased the pH by 1.18, C-Organic 1.11% compared to the control and increased the growth and yield of corn plants and able to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers by 50%. Keyword: Ultisol, Lamtoro Compost, Biochar, pH, C-Organic, N-Total, Corn Yield.

Type: Thesis (S1)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Ultisol, Lamtoro Compost, Biochar, pH, C-Organic, N-Total, Corn Yield.
Subjects: L Education > L Education (General)
Divisions: Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User: PURBA
Date Deposited: 08 Jan 2024 03:13
Last Modified: 08 Jan 2024 03:13
URI: https://repository.unja.ac.id/id/eprint/59629

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