KARAKTERISTIK CMC SERAT MESOKARP KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) PADA BERBAGAI TINGKAT SUHU DAN WAKTU KARBOKSIMETILASI

Fadila, Nurul Aisya (2024) KARAKTERISTIK CMC SERAT MESOKARP KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) PADA BERBAGAI TINGKAT SUHU DAN WAKTU KARBOKSIMETILASI. S1 thesis, Universitas Jambi.

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Abstract

Serat mesokarp kelapa sawit hasil pengepresan mesokarp kelapa selama ini dijadikan sebagai bahan bakar atau pakan ternak. Serat mesokarp kelapa sawit ini mengandung selulosa sebesar 41,92% yang berpotensi dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan carboxymethl cellulose (CMC). CMC merupakan produk turunan selulosa yang memiliki banyak kegunaan di bidang teknologi pangan dan industri. Produksi CMC dibuat dari selulosa melewati reaksi alkalisasi dan karboksimetilasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dan melihat pengaruh interaksi antara suhu dan lama waktu reaksi karboksimetilasi yang dapat menghasilkan CMC dengan rendemen dan kualitas CMC yang memenuhi standar mutu. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam 3 tahap yang diawali dengan ekstraksi minyak serat mesokarp kelapa sawit, isolasi selulosa serat mesokarp kelapa sawit, dan sintesis CMC dengan perlakuan beberapa tingkat suhu (40°C, 45°C, dan 50°C) dan lama reaksi (1, 2, dan 3 jam) pada proses karboksimetilasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan pola Faktorial dengan 3 kali ulangan sehingga diperoleh 27 satuan percobaan. Terdapat interaksi antara suhu dan waktu reaksi karboksimetilasi terhadap kadar air dan derajat substitusi. Kadar air terjadi pada interaksi waktu reaksi 1 dan 2 jam pada suhu 45°C dengan nilai 6,86%. Derajat subtitusi juga terjadi interaksi pada waktu reaksi 1 dan 2 jam pada suhu 45°C dengan nilai 0,11. Suhu 50°C dan waktu reaksi 3 jam merupakan perlakuan optimal yang menghasilkan karakteristik CMC dengan nilai rendemen 94,33%, kadar air 4,82%, derajat substitusi 0,31, pH 6,23, dan viskositas 25,3 cP. Gugus fungsi pada CMC serat mesokarp kelapa sawit yang terdeteksi yaitu ada gugus fungsi hidroksil, karboksil, metil, hidrokarbon, dan eter. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan rendahnya nilai derajat substitusi CMC serat mesokarp kelapa sawit diduga disebabkan oleh konsentrasi NaOH yang cukup rendah, disarankan untuk menaikan konsentrasi NaOH agar nilai derajat substitusi tinggi dan menghasilkan CMC yang memiliki kualitas yang memenuhi standar mutu SNI. Palm mesocarp fiber from pressing coconut mesocarp has been used as fuel or animal feed. This palm mesocarp fiber contains 41.92% cellulose which has the potential to be used as raw material for making carboxymethl cellulose (CMC). CMC is a cellulose-derived product that has many uses in the field of food technology and industry. CMC production is made from cellulose through alkalization and carboxymethylation reactions. This study aims to determine and see the effect of the interaction between temperature and the length of time of the carboxymethylation reaction that can produce CMC with CMC yield and quality that meets quality standards. This research was conducted in 3 stages starting with the extraction of palm mesocarp fiber oil, cellulose isolation of palm mesocarp fiber, and CMC synthesis by treating several temperature levels (40°C, 45°C, and 50°C) and reaction duration (1, 2, and 3 hours) in the carboximethylation process. This study used a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) with a Factorial pattern with 3 repetitions so that 27 experimental units were obtained. There is an interaction between temperature and carboxymethylation reaction time on moisture content and degree of substitution. Water content occurs at the interaction of reaction time 1 and 2 hours at a temperature of 45°C with a value of 6.86%. The degree of substitution also interacts at reaction times of 1 and 2 hours at 45°C with a value of 0.11. A temperature of 50°C and a reaction time of 3 hours is the optimal treatment that produces CMC characteristics with a yield value of 94.33%, moisture content of 4.82%, substitution degree of 0.31, pH 6.23, and viscosity of 25.3 cP. The functional groups in the CMC of palm mesocarp fiber detected are hydroxyl, carboxyl, methyl, hydrocarbon, and ether functional groups. From the results of the study, it was found that the low value of the degree of CMC substitution of oil palm mesocarp fiber is thought to be caused by a fairly low concentration of NaOH, it is recommended to increase the concentration of NaOH so that the value of the degree of substitution is high and produce CMC that has quality that meets SNI quality standards.

Type: Thesis (S1)
Uncontrolled Keywords: CMC, limbah, serat mesokarp kelapa sawit
Subjects: L Education > L Education (General)
Divisions: Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Hasil Pertanian
Depositing User: Fadila
Date Deposited: 15 Mar 2024 01:54
Last Modified: 15 Mar 2024 01:54
URI: https://repository.unja.ac.id/id/eprint/62019

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