STRUKTUR ANATOMI KAYU JOHAR (Cassia siamea Lamk) BERDASARKAN POSISI BATANG

Sidabutar, Lidya Christine (2024) STRUKTUR ANATOMI KAYU JOHAR (Cassia siamea Lamk) BERDASARKAN POSISI BATANG. S1 thesis, Universitas Jambi.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Johar merupakan salah satu jenis tumbuhan asli Asia Tenggara yang tersebar mulai dari Indonesia hingga Srilanka (Suharnantono, 2011). Kayu johar termasuk ke dalam kayu keras dan cukup berat dengan berat jenis (BJ) antara 0,6- 1,01 (pada kadar air 15%). Kayu johar digolongkan ke dalam kelas awet I dan kelas kuat I. Johar sering ditanam dalam sistem percampuran (agroforestry) sebagai tanaman sela, tanaman tepi dan sebagai tanaman penghalang angin. Selain itu, kayu johar digunakan untuk mebel dan panel dekoratif (Suharnantono, 2011). Johar dikenal dengan nama-nama yang mirip, seperti juwar (Betawi, Jawa dan Sunda) dan johor (Melayu). Pohon johar memiliki beberapa nama lain dalam bahasa inggris seperti black-wood cassia, bombay blackwood, kassod tree, siamese senna dan lain-lain (Anonim, 2014). Identifikasi sifat dasar dan kegunaan dari kayu sangat diperlukan agar peran sebagai kayu pengganti dapat terpenuhi (Suprapti dan Djarwanto, 2014). Dalam dunia pertukangan, kayu johar memiliki nilai komersial yang cukup tinggi di pasaran. Hal ini karena kayu johar banyak dicari para pengrajin kayu guna sebagai alernatif pengganti kayu sonokeling dan kayu jati yang harganya semakin mahal. Oleh karena itu, penelitian mengenai struktur anatomi kayu johar (Cassia siamea Lamk) berdasarkan posisi batang perlu untuk dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 3 (tiga) bulan dimulai dari bulan April 2024 sampai dengan Juni 2024. Persiapan bahan baku dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknologi Hasil Hutan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jambi. Pengujian sifat anatomi dan pembuatan preparat maserasi dilakukan di Laboratorium Terpadu Universitas Jambi dan pembuatan preparat mikrotom dilakukan di Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan (P3HH). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat anatomi kayu johar (Cassia siamea Lamk) berdasarkan posisi batang pangkal, tengah dan ujung memiliki ciri makroskopis yaitu bagian teras berwarna coklat tua dan gubal berwarna coklat muda, tekstur agak kasar, kesan raba agak kesat, arah serat lurus dan berpadu, agak mengkilap, corak berwarna coklat muda hingga coklat tua dan memiliki bau serta rasa yang pahit. Ciri mikroskopis kayu johar (Cassia siamea Lamk) memiliki sebaran pembuluh berupa sebaran tata baur, bidang perforasi sederhana dan memiliki tipe parenkim aksial paratrakeal. Diameter pembuluh dan frekuensi pembuluh masing masing adalah 359,37 μm dan 14,41. Tinggi, lebar dan frekuensi jari-jari masing masing yaitu 560,88 μm, 69,30 μm dan 30,58. Panjang serat, diameter serat, diameter lumen dan tebal dinding serat masing- masing adalah 2236,27 μm, 121,64 μm, 88,74 μm dan 32,77 μm. Nilai turunan dimensi serat kayu johar (Cassia siamea Lamk) yang meliputi bilangan Runkle ratio, Felting power, Flexibility ratio, Coefficient of rigidity dan Muhlsteph ratio berturut-turut adalah 0,74 μm, 18,38 μm, 0,65 μm, 0,26 μm dan 56,83%. Berdasarkan persyaratan nilai turunan dimensi serat,kayu (Cassia siamea Lamk) termasuk dalam kelas mutu II. Berdasarkan sifat anatominya, selain dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pulp dan kertas, kayu johar (Cassia siamea Lamk) memiliki kualitas yang sangat baik jika digunakan secara utuh sebagai bahan kerajinan kayu, furniture dan perabotan. Kata Kunci: Anatomi Kayu, Kayu Johar, Nilai Turunan Dimensi Kayu ABSTRACT Johar is a type of plant native to Southeast Asia that spreads from Indonesia to Sri Lanka (Suharnantono, 2011). Johar wood is included in hardwood and is quite heavy with a specific gravity between 0.6-1.01 (at 15% moisture content). Johar wood is classified into durable class I and strong class I. Johar is often grown in agroforestry systems as an interstitial plant, edge plant and as a wind barrier plant. In addition, johar wood is used for furniture and decorative panels (Suharnantono, 2011). Johar is known by similar names, such as juwar (Betawi, Javanese and Sundanese) and johor (Malay). The johar tree has several other names in English such as black-wood cassia, bombay blackwood, kassod tree, siamese senna and others (Anonymous, 2014). Identification of the basic properties and uses of wood is necessary so that the role as a substitute wood can be fulfilled (Suprapti and Djarwanto, 2014). In the world of carpentry, johar wood has a fairly high commercial value in the market. This is because johar wood is sought after by many wood craftsmen as an alternative to sonokeling wood and teak wood which are increasingly expensive. Therefore, research on the anatomical structure of johar wood (Cassia siamea Lamk) based on the position of the trunk needs to be carried out. This research was carried out for 3 (three) months starting from April 2024 to June 2024. The preparation of raw materials was carried out at the Forest Product Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jambi. Testing of anatomical properties and making maceration preparations was carried out at the Integrated Laboratory of the University of Jambi and the preparation of micron preparations was carried out at the Center for Research and Development of Forest Products. Based on the results of the study, it was shown that the anatomical properties of johar wood (Cassia siamea Lamk) based on the position of the base, middle and tip stems have macroscopic characteristics, namely dark brown and light brown sapwood, a rather rough texture, a rather rough feel, a rather rough grain, a straight and cohesive fiber direction, somewhat glossy, light brown to dark brown and has a bitter smell and taste. The microscopic characteristics of johar wood (Cassia siamea Lamk) have a distribution of vessels in the form of a distribution of shades, simple perforation planes and have a paratracial axial parenchyma type. The vessel diameter and vessel frequency were 359.37 μm and 14.41, respectively. The height, width and frequency of the radius were 560.88 μm, 69.30 μm and 30.58, respectively. The fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and fiber wall thickness are 2236.27 μm, 121.64 μm, 88.74 μm and 32.77 μm, respectively. The derivative values of the dimensions of Johar wood fiber (Cassia siamea Lamk) which include Runkle ratio, Felting power, Flexibility ratio, Coefficient of rigidity and Muhlsteph ratio were 0.74 μm, 18.38 μm, 0.65 μm, 0.26 μm and 56.83% respectively. Based on the requirements of the derivative value of the fiber dimension, wood (Cassia siamea Lamk) is included in quality class II. Based on its anatomical properties, in addition to being able to be used as a raw material for pulp and paper, johar wood (Cassia siamea Lamk) has excellent quality if used as a whole as a material for wood crafts, furniture and furniture. Keywords: Anatomy of Wood, Johar Wood, Derivative Values of Wood Dimensions

Type: Thesis (S1)
Subjects: L Education > L Education (General)
Divisions: Fakultas Pertanian > Kehutanan
Depositing User: SIDABUTAR
Date Deposited: 20 Jul 2024 09:12
Last Modified: 20 Jul 2024 09:12
URI: https://repository.unja.ac.id/id/eprint/69326

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