Masa Aktif Beberapa Konsentrasi Larutan Atraktan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kopi Terhadap Hama (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari.) Pada Tanaman Kopi

Panjaitan, Nuriani (2025) Masa Aktif Beberapa Konsentrasi Larutan Atraktan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kopi Terhadap Hama (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari.) Pada Tanaman Kopi. S1 thesis, UNIVERSITAS JAMBI.

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Abstract

Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari atau Penggerek Buah Kopi (PBKo) adalah hama utama kopi yang menyebabkan penurunan kualitas dan kuantitas pada buah kopi. H. hampei dapat menurunkan kuantitas dan kualitas buah kopi sehingga dapat menurunkan harga buah kopi sekitar 30-40%. Pengendalian H. hampei pada umumnya dilakukan petani kopi dengan pemangkasan, namun pemangkasan tidak efektif mengendalikan H. hampei sehingga diatasi dengan penggunaan atraktan berbahan dasar kulit buah kopi. Atraktan merupakan senyawa penarik yang dapat digunakan dalam mengendalikan imago H. hampei. Atraktan berbahan dasar kulit buah kopi dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan imago H. hampei karena mengandung senyawa volatil (mudah menguap). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kebun kopi milik petani yang berada di Kabupaten Kerinci Kecamatan Batang Merangin Desa Pasar Tamiai. Laboratorium Dasar Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jambi. Laboratorium Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Jambi. Laboratorium Sentral Universitas Andalas (UNAND). Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui lama masa aktif dan kemampuan memerangkap beberapa konsentrasi larutan atraktan ekstrak kulit buah kopi terhadap H. hampei. Penelitian dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 6 perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak kulit buah kopi yaitu A : Kontrol, B : Ekstrak kulit buah kopi 10%, C : Ekstrak kulit buah kopi 20%, D : Ekstrak kulit buah kopi 30%, E : Ekstrak kulit buah kopi 40%, dan F : Ekstrak kulit buah kopi 50% yang masing masing diulang sebanyak 4 kali dengan penggunaan 4 kebun kopi sebagai ulangan serta jarak antar perangkap 20 m. Lama masa aktif atraktan ekstrak kulit buah kopi dilakukan setiap 3 hari terhadap jumlah imago H. hampei yang terperangkap sampai tidak ada (nol) dan dihentikan. Pengamatan imago H. hampei yang terangkap dilakukan setiap 3 hari sampai H. hampei tidak ada (nol) dan dihentikan. Jenis dan jumlah serangga lain yang terperangkap dilakukan setiap 3 hari sampai H. hampei tidak ada (nol) dan dihentikan. Kadar air kulit buah kopi dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus bobot ekstrak kulit buah kopi (hasil akhir) / bobot awal serbuk kulit buah kopi x 100%. Rendemen ekstrak dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus ekstrak kulit buah kopi (hasil rotary evaporator) / bobot bahan awal serbuk kulit buah kopi x 100%. Karakteristik kandungan senyawa volatile ekstrak kulit buah kopi dilakukan denga mengirim sampel ke Laboratorium sentral Universitas Andalas (UNAND). Hasil penelitian secara umum menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak kulit buah kopi mampu memperpanjang lama masa aktif atraktan dalam memerangkap dan meningkatkan jumlah imago H. hampei yang terperangkap, sebab konsentrasi tertinggi memiliki kandungan senyawa volatil lebih banyak, sehingga penguapan di lapangan lebih lama. Atraktan ekstrak kulit buah kopi juga memerangkap serangga lain ketika diterapkan yang disebabkan oleh kesesuaian habitat dan sumber makanannya. Proses pengeringan kulit buah kopi memenuhi standar daya mutu kadar air untuk waktu simpan, namun nilai rendemen ekstrak kulit buah kopi yang rendah menunjukkan senyawa aktif yang terkandung pada sampel sedikit. Hasil analisis GC-MS terdapat 22 senyawa volatil yang terkandung pada esktrak kulit buah kopi dan 2 senyawa volatil yang diduga sebagai atraktan diantaranya phenol dan phytol. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan atraktan ekstrak kulit buah kopi dengan konsentrasi yang ditingkatkan semakin efektif dalam memerangkap H. hampei. Lama masa aktif atraktan ekstrak kulit buah kopi dalam memerangkap imago H. hampei bergantung dengan konsentrasi ekstrak kulit buah kopi. Konsentrasi 50% merupakan konsentrasi paling efektif yang mampu meningkatkan rata rata jumlah imago H. hampei terperangkap. Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari or Coffee Fruit Borer (CFP) is a major coffee pest that causes a decrease in the quality and quantity of coffee fruit. H. hampei can reduce the quantity and quality of coffee fruit so that it can reduce the price of coffee fruit by around 30-40%. H. hampei control is generally carried out by coffee farmers by pruning, but pruning is not effective in controlling H. hampei so it is overcome by using attractants made from coffee fruit skin. Attractants are attractant compounds that can be used to control H. hampei imago. Attractants made from coffee fruit skin can be used to control H. hampei imago because they contain volatile compounds (easily evaporate). This research was conducted in a coffee plantation owned by farmers in Kerinci Regency, Batang Merangin District, Pasar Tamiai Village. Basic Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jambi. Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Jambi. Central Laboratory of Andalas University (UNAND). The purpose of the study was to determine the duration of the active period and the ability to trap several concentrations of coffee fruit skin extract attractant solutions against H. hampei. The study was designed using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 6 treatments of coffee fruit skin extract concentration, namely A: Control, B: 10% coffee fruit skin extract, C: 20% coffee fruit skin extract, D: 30% coffee fruit skin extract, E: 40% coffee fruit skin extract, and F: 50% coffee fruit skin extract, each of which was repeated 4 times with the use of 4 coffee plantations as replications and a distance between traps of 20 m. The active period of the coffee fruit skin extract attractant was carried out every 3 days on the number of H. hampei imago trapped until there were none (zero) and it was stopped. Observations of H. hampei imago trapped were carried out every 3 days until there were no H. hampei (zero) and it was stopped. The types and number of other insects trapped were carried out every 3 days until there were no H. hampei (zero) and it was stopped. The water content of the coffee fruit skin was carried out using the formula of the weight of the coffee fruit skin extract (final result) / initial weight of the coffee fruit skin powder x 100%. Extract yield was carried out using the formula of coffee fruit skin extract (rotary evaporator result) / initial weight of coffee fruit skin powder x 100%. Characteristics of the volatile compound content of coffee fruit skin extract were carried out by sending samples to the Central Laboratory of Andalas University (UNAND). The results of the study generally showed that increasing the concentration of coffee fruit skin extract was able to extend the active period of the attractant in trapping and increasing the number of trapped H. hampei imago, because the highest concentration had a higher volatile compound content, so that evaporation in the field was longer. The coffee fruit skin extract attractant also traps other insects when applied due to the suitability of its habitat and food source. The coffee fruit skin drying process meets the water content quality standards for shelf life, but the low coffee fruit skin extract yield value indicates that the active compounds contained in the sample are few. The results of the GC-MS analysis contained 22 volatile compounds contained in the coffee fruit skin extract and 2 volatile compounds suspected of being attractants including phenol and phytol. Based on the research results, it was concluded that the ability of coffee fruit skin extract attractant with increased concentration was increasingly effective in trapping H. hampei. The duration of the active period of coffee fruit skin extract attractant in trapping H. hampei imago depends on the concentration of coffee fruit skin extract. A concentration of 50% is the most effective concentration that can increase the average number of H. hampei imago trapped.

Type: Thesis (S1)
Uncontrolled Keywords: H. hampei; active period; attractant; coffee fruit skin extract.
Subjects: L Education > L Education (General)
Divisions: Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User: PANJAITAN
Date Deposited: 13 Mar 2025 01:58
Last Modified: 13 Mar 2025 01:58
URI: https://repository.unja.ac.id/id/eprint/76239

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