Pengaruh pola tanam tumpangsari jagung (Zea mays L.) dan Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) terhadap hama utama jagung

Natasha, Natasha (2025) Pengaruh pola tanam tumpangsari jagung (Zea mays L.) dan Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) terhadap hama utama jagung. S1 thesis, UNIVERSITAS JAMBI.

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Abstract

ABSRACT Pests are one of the main factors causing significant yield losses in maize (Zea mays L.). Infestation by Spodoptera frugiperda, Helicoverpa armigera, and Ostrinia furnacalis can severely damage maize crops. Farmers commonly rely on chemical insecticides for pest control, yet their use poses negative impacts on the environment. An alternative environmentally friendly approach is the intercropping system. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) has potential as a companion crop due to its essential oils, which act as repellents, fumigants, and attractants for natural enemies. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of maize and turmeric intercropping on the population and infestation level of major maize pests. The research was conducted from December 2024 to February 2025 at the Teaching and Research Farm and the Pest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Jambi University. The experiment compared two treatments: maize monoculture and maize and turmeric intercropping. Observed variables included pest population, percentage of infested plants, leaf damage intensity, percentage of infested cobs, as well as cob weight and size. Data were analyzed using t-test and Mann–Whitney test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that S. frugiperda was the dominant pest, while H. armigera and O. furnacalis were not detected. Intercropping significantly reduced pest population, percentage of infested plants, damage intensity, and cob infestation compared with monoculture. Reduced pest infestation consequently increased cob weight and size, leading to higher maize productivity under intercropping. Therefore, maize and turmeric intercropping is effective in suppressing major maize pests and offers a sustainable alternative to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides. Key-words : maize, turmeric, intercropping, major pests ABSTRAK Hama merupakan salah satu faktor utama penyebab penurunan produktivitas jagung (Zea mays L.). Serangan hama seperti Spodoptera frugiperda, Helicoverpa armigera, dan Ostrinia furnacalis dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan signifikan pada pertanaman. Umumnya petani mengandalkan insektisida kimia untuk pengendalian, namun penggunaannya menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Salah satu alternatif pengendalian ramah lingkungan adalah melalui sistem tanam tumpangsari. Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) berpotensi sebagai tanaman pendamping karena kandungan minyak atsirinya bersifat repelen, fumigan, dan atraktan bagi musuh alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pola tanam tumpangsari jagung dan kunyit terhadap populasi serta serangan hama utama jagung. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2024–Februari 2025 di Teaching and Research Farm dan Laboratorium Hama Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jambi. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan dua perlakuan, yaitu monokultur jagung dan tumpangsari jagung dan kunyit. Variabel yang diamati meliputi populasi hama, persentase tanaman terserang, intensitas serangan, persentase tongkol terserang, serta berat dan ukuran tongkol. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji-t dan uji Mann-Whitney pada taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hama dominan yang ditemukan adalah S. frugiperda, sementara H. armigera dan O. furnacalis tidak terdeteksi. Sistem tumpangsari menurunkan populasi, persentase tanaman terserang, intensitas serangan, serta tongkol terserang dibandingkan monokultur. Penurunan serangan hama berdampak pada peningkatan berat dan ukuran tongkol sehingga produktivitas jagung lebih tinggi pada sistem tumpangsari. Dengan demikian, pola tanam tumpangsari jagung dan kunyit efektif menekan serangan hama utama dan berpotensi menjadi alternatif pengendalian ramah lingkungan untuk mengurangi ketergantungan pada pestisida kimia. Kata kunci: jagung, kunyit, tumpangsari, hama utama.

Type:	Thesis (S1)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	maize, turmeric, intercropping, major pests
Subjects:	L Education > L Education (General)
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User:	NATASHA
Date Deposited:	13 Oct 2025 06:36
Last Modified:	13 Oct 2025 06:37
URI:	https://repository.unja.ac.id/id/eprint/86411

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